Free Essays on The Puritan Dilemma

In The Puritan Dilemma we find Edmund S. Morgan’s perspectives on what Puritanism is and how John Winthrop managed the predicament of being a puritan. Morgan portrays that â€Å"Puritanism necessitated that a man give his life to looking for salvation however disclosed to him he was vulnerable to do anything besides malicious. Strictness necessitated that he rest his entire expectation in Christ however instructed him that Christ would completely dismiss him except if before he was conceived God had fated his salvation. Rigidity necessitated that man abstain from transgression however disclosed to him he would sin at any rate. Strictness necessitated that he change the world in he picture of God’s blessed realm yet instructed him that malevolence of the world was serious and inescapable. Strictness necessitated that he work as well as could be expected at whatever undertaking was set before him and participate in beneficial things that God had filled the world with, ye t revealed to him he should make the most of his work and his joys just, so to speak absentmindedly, with his consideration fixed on God.† (Morgan p5.) ! Morgan keeps on depicting a puritan’s conviction as â€Å"existing by excellence of a pledge with God, an understanding whereby they vowed to maintain His laws, and He thus consented to treat them well† (p15.) John Winthrop got the fever of Puritanism at school and for him the situation of living on the planet without taking his psyche off God was the hardest for him. Winthrop would have much rather been a priest or loner, however that was not allowed Puritans should live on the planet not departing it. In Winthrop’s life he faces numerous dilemma’s which all have to do with the issue of living on the planet without departing it. The major dilemma’s are if Winthrop should leave England to go to the New World with the Massachusetts Bay Company and the issue of rebellion and difference in Massachusetts. Winthrop is first confronted the issue of leaving England. Winthrop is offered to go to the New World with the Massachusetts Bay Company as a senator. Wint... Free Essays on The Puritan Dilemma Free Essays on The Puritan Dilemma In The Puritan Dilemma we find Edmund S. Morgan’s perspectives on what Puritanism is and how John Winthrop managed the problem of being a puritan. Morgan portrays that â€Å"Puritanism necessitated that a man commit his life to looking for salvation however disclosed to him he was powerless to do anything besides insidious. Strictness necessitated that he rest his entire expectation in Christ yet instructed him that Christ would completely dismiss him except if before he was conceived God had fated his salvation. Rigidity necessitated that man abstain from wrongdoing however revealed to him he would sin in any case. Rigidity necessitated that he change the world in he picture of God’s sacred realm however instructed him that wickedness of the world was serious and inescapable. Rigidity necessitated that he work as well as could be expected at whatever errand was set before him and participate in beneficial things that God had filled the world with, however revealed to him he should make the most of his work and his delights just, in a manner of speaking absentmindedly, with his consideration fixed on God.† (Morgan p5.) ! Morgan keeps on portraying a puritan’s conviction as â€Å"existing by temperance of a pledge with God, an understanding whereby they vowed to maintain His laws, and He thusly consented to treat them well† (p15.) John Winthrop got the fever of Puritanism at school and for him the situation of living on the planet without taking his brain off God was the hardest for him. Winthrop would have much rather been a priest or loner, however that was not allowed Puritans should live on the planet not departing it. In Winthrop’s life he faces numerous dilemma’s which all have to do with the issue of living on the planet without departing it. The major dilemma’s are if Winthrop should leave England to go to the New World with the Massachusetts Bay Company and the issue of dissidence and dispute in Massachusetts. Winthrop is first confronted the issue of leaving England. Winthrop is offered to go to the New World with the Massachusetts Bay Company as a representative. Wint...

The Theoretical Approach To Innovation Business Essay

The Theoretical Approach To Innovation Business Essay It is hard to envision these days business world without development. Numerous endeavors just rely upon their capacity to be creative for accomplishing and supporting upper hand (Frishammar, Parida, Westerberg, 2012). In addition, it is essential to take note of that hypothetical as well as applied comprehension of advancement has grown fundamentally since the mid 1980s (Hong, Oxley, McCann, 2012). Consequently, it is basic to comprehend the significance of connecting advancement to new markets. In this paper the accompanying will be examined: Models of advancement; Kinds of development; The significance of envisioning market needs and interfacing them with another mechanical ability in the instances of radical and gradual advancements; Approaches to enable individuals to develop. Hypothetical Approach to Innovation Advancement without a doubt turned into the motor of the advancement, serious capacity and financial development. Baumol (2002) even views development as an actual existence and-demise matter for a firm. In any case, oddity is that still a few challenges stay in understanding what precisely the advancement is and how significant it is in these days world. Regardless of the way that there are numerous meanings of procedures of advancement, Gordon and McCann (2005) propose that, for the most part, all developments contain three hidden components: freshness (1), improvement (2) and the defeating of vulnerability (3). Freshness is presumably one of the most significant pieces of advancement, albeit such originality could be comprehended as something novel to the structure or industry in general (McCann, Oxley, 2013, p.54). Improvemet is identified with the way that organizations need to locate the better quality than those items which as of now exist in the market. Defeating vulnerability implies that such improvement is controlled by the market and that market need must be explained. Moreover, it is esential to recall that every one of these components are driven by the innovative development. So plainly the procedure of advancement is unpredictable, including a wide range of factors to consider. Models of Innovation When discussing advancement and its significance it is substancial to comprehend the models, ideas and kinds of development. Numerous models have been created all through every one of these years. Be that as it may, no model gives off an impression of being proficient to being used as a summed up model of development (Forrest, 1991). In this paper the accompanying 5 models will be talked about: Straight model Technology push Straight model Market pull Intelligent System Framework Direct Models Technology Push and Maket Pull In 1960s and 1970s the new way to deal with the models of development has come. Fixation was centered around the possibility that particular procedures can produce new advancements and the learning engaged with innovative change (Shavinina, 2003). The main straight portrayal of advancement was called innovation push. The fundamental thought of this model is that advancement depends on the development in both science and techology in light of the fact that, simultaneously, it can prompt the mechanical turn of events and ascent of new items in the market. The progression succession is as per the following (Shavinina, 2003): Fundamental Science à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ’ Applied Science and Engineering à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ’ Manufacturing à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ’ Marketing à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ’ Sales Another direct model was grown subsequently the innovation push model and was called showcase pull. The fundamental concentration in this model was orientated into the significance of commercial center and existing interest. Subsequently, advancement is the aftereffect of the requests of potential clients. The progression succession is as per the following (Shavinina, 2003): Commercial center à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ’ Technology Development à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ’ Manufacturing à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ’ Sales Both straight models were nearly basic and normal so they were broadly received until 1980s. Be that as it may, the developing compexity of advancements and market made the two models barely versatile to the future advancements. Intelligent Models After the straight models the need to make a progressively definite model emerged. Intelligent model was significant advance in the advancement of conceptualizing development since it was an endeavor to unite the innovation push and showcasing maneuver approaches into a far reaching model of advancement (Shavinina, 2003). Rothwell and Zegveld (1985, p.50) recommend that the general example of development procedure can be thought of as a perplexing net of correspondence ways, both intra-authoritative and extra-hierarchical, connecting together the different in-house works and connecting the firm to the more extensive logical and innovative network and to the commercial center. The key reality in the intuitive model is that the advancement is not, at this point the finished result of a last phase of action and the procedure is increasingly roundabout then consecutive. The intuitive model is significant even in these days as the first model has been reached out to make it explicit to sp ecific circumstance. Framework and Network Models As the procedure of advancement is getting increasingly unpredictable throughout time, the significance of precise way to deal with the development is developing. Likewise, such unpredictability requires communication from specialists inside the firm as well as from participation among firms (Shavinina, 2003). Cooperative energy, connections and going between authoritative limits are the most enlightening highlights when discussing framework and system models. All the models depicted above are significant in understanding the procedure of development and its significance. One displays absence of some significant components, others are increasingly intricate yet inadequate with regards to some significant focuses (for example considering the post-development stage, including distinctive natural factors or such outer components like worker's guilds, goverments, social intrigue grouos, and so forth.). Thus, unmistakably it is difficult to modify just a single specific model as the best one. The examination and comprehension of the specific advancement must be remembered for each inventive association. Kinds of Innovation The equivalent significant is to think about the various kinds of advancement. By and large, advancements are characterized by the market that the advancements are focused on (item developments; process advancements) or as per the specialized information and speculation to the turn of events. Principally, there are 4 kinds of advancements: Sort of Innovation Clarification Gradual advancement The goal of steady advancement is to utilize the experiences from clients or others to grow better arrangements that are alluring and would add to the benefits from the current items (Pavitt 1998; Xin, Yeung, and Cheng 2008). Radical development The center thought of the extreme advancement is the improvement of a totally new innovation, which can give an item which has never been accessible (Nasirpourosgoei, Coles, 2006). Item development An item development is the presentation of a decent or administration that is new or fundamentally improved as for its attributes or proposed utilizes (OECD, 2005). Procedure advancement A procedure advancement is the execution of another or altogether improved creation or conveyance technique (OECD, 2005). Table 1. The Types of Innovations. Source: Authors Consruction. The information was taken from OECD and research papers. In this paper the steady and radical developments will be talked about in more noteworthy detail. Radical and steady developments are on a very basic level unique. In the fundamental, radical advancement speaks to the capacity to create items that are totally new to the world or specific industry, while gradual advancement alludes to the capacity to create items that are new to the firm (Frishammar, Parida, Westerberg, 2012). As it were, steady advancements are normally thought to upgrade the abilities of the firm, while radical ones are thought to sabotage it (Holck, Mahnke, Zicari, 2008). In addition, radical advancements are momentous improvement that requires huge assets to appear. Consequently, such advancement has longer time slacks to benefit contrasted and steady developments (Chaney, Devinney, and Winer 1991; Veryzer 1998). Radical advancements, in examination with steady developments, are progressively recognizable and obvious. Furthermore, radical developments are bound to emerge in huge corporate or organized endeavors. Consequently, there is an extensive rundown of radical advancement models that have changed the market, its structure and getting: penicillin, X-beams, mechanized tomography, attractive reverberation imaging, PC, PDAs, laser, and so on (Ruben, Slocum 2008). Case of Radical Innovation. The Case of Amazon.com Perhaps the most recent case of radical advancement is the situation of amazon.com and its way to deal with sell books by means of the Internet. Amazon effectively rose up out of the website bubble and exhibited huge consequences of development from $4 billion out of 2002 to $20 billion of every 2008. One of the primary motivation behind why Amazon effectively endure the Internet bubble was the organizations capacity to envision the changing business sector needs and client esteems. Amazon began to sell wide scope of books that overturned the sullen book industry that prompted some of the conventional book shops leaving business. A couple of years after the fact, the organization offered another totally new field a commission-based business administration to purchasers and venders of trade-in books. At that point Amazon pushed ahead again building up a model to serve an altogether extraordinary client: outsider merchants (Johnson, 2010). Jeffrey Preston, the organizer and CEO of Amazon.com, Inc., says: If you need to constantly renew the administration that you offer to your clients, you can't stop at what you are acceptable at. You need to ask what your clients need and need, and afterward, regardless of how hard it is, you better get the hang of those things (Johnson, 2010). It is self-evident, that Amazon.com, I

Identify Factors that Affect Businesses Strategies - 275 Words

Identify Factors that Affect Businesses Strategies (Research Paper Sample) Content: Factors Affecting Business StrategiesName:Institution:Factors Affecting Business StrategiesFactors Affecting Business StrategiesBusiness strategies refer to the science, craft and art investors use to develop, analyze and execute cross-functional decisions that facilitate organizations to accomplish long-term goals. They spell out the objectives and vision, mission, as well as developing plans and policies in relationship to programs that entrepreneurs make to realize these ambitions. This seeks to understand the influence of various factors that determine business strategies.TurbulenceTurbulence is a market state with chaotic property changes. Capitalists require reliable information, before they invest their money, to establish the potential of a deal to regain the capital. This implies that efficient business planning is unachievable in the turbulent environment. Financiers make organization verdicts depending on existing market status at a given time (Kraatz Zaja c, 2001).TechnologyTechnology encompasses the processes, techniques and methods that businesses apply to produce services or goods or achieve their blueprint outline. Computers, machines, and devices may contain the knowledge, which development of resources with little human management (Worthington Britton, 2009). Advanced machinery and techniques help to achieve business strategies easy as they produce standardized goods with little human interference. In addition, one can choose the quality, size, and production out to suit a given market. This means that improved technology assists to attain business strategies convenient (White Bruton, 2011).Organizational designAccording to Chandler (2005), various factors such as decentralization, formalization and complexity defines an organization layout. He contends that managerial approach must suit an enterprises tactics; otherwise, the policies are inefficient (chandler, 2005).In summary, turbulence makes it challenging to predict long -term management goals of an organization due to high unpredictability. Investors devise target depending on statistical analysis of a venture. On the contrary, technology helps to attain investment quickly as it provides standard output. Finally, organizational design needs to mat... Identify Factors that Affect Businesses Strategies - 275 Words Identify Factors that Affect Businesses Strategies (Research Paper Sample) Content: Factors Affecting Business StrategiesName:Institution:Factors Affecting Business StrategiesFactors Affecting Business StrategiesBusiness strategies refer to the science, craft and art investors use to develop, analyze and execute cross-functional decisions that facilitate organizations to accomplish long-term goals. They spell out the objectives and vision, mission, as well as developing plans and policies in relationship to programs that entrepreneurs make to realize these ambitions. This seeks to understand the influence of various factors that determine business strategies.TurbulenceTurbulence is a market state with chaotic property changes. Capitalists require reliable information, before they invest their money, to establish the potential of a deal to regain the capital. This implies that efficient business planning is unachievable in the turbulent environment. Financiers make organization verdicts depending on existing market status at a given time (Kraatz Zaja c, 2001).TechnologyTechnology encompasses the processes, techniques and methods that businesses apply to produce services or goods or achieve their blueprint outline. Computers, machines, and devices may contain the knowledge, which development of resources with little human management (Worthington Britton, 2009). Advanced machinery and techniques help to achieve business strategies easy as they produce standardized goods with little human interference. In addition, one can choose the quality, size, and production out to suit a given market. This means that improved technology assists to attain business strategies convenient (White Bruton, 2011).Organizational designAccording to Chandler (2005), various factors such as decentralization, formalization and complexity defines an organization layout. He contends that managerial approach must suit an enterprises tactics; otherwise, the policies are inefficient (chandler, 2005).In summary, turbulence makes it challenging to predict long -term management goals of an organization due to high unpredictability. Investors devise target depending on statistical analysis of a venture. On the contrary, technology helps to attain investment quickly as it provides standard output. Finally, organizational design needs to mat...

Afric A Free Trade Zone - 984 Words

In the late 1800’s Europe began its quest to gain more land and control over Africa. Not only does Europe want to grow economically, but it also wanted to gain more resources. They believed that Africa would be simple to acquire, since it had a weak economical structure. The Scramble for Africa occurred in 1884, where European countries met at the Berlin Conference. Here, fourteen major ambassadors of Europe met and developed rules for who would receive which parts of Africa. However, the most important European countries that were present here were France, The U.S, Germany, and Britain. They wanted to gain money, raw materials, markets, and access to trade routes. Some of the raw materials that they wanted were oil, rubber, iron, gold, diamonds, ivory, and most importantly cheap labor. All of Africa was divided between Europe, except for one part which was the Congo. The Congo was a free trade zone, the only problem with that, was that it was in the middle of Africa and very difficult to access. Many people would die before they even reached the Congo due to diseases such as Malaria. Heart of Darkness is a book by Joseph Conrad where Conrad depicts how slavery and imperialism go hand in hand. In this book there is a man named Marlow, who was an adventurer, and he wanted to explore the Congo. His aunt told lies which were able to get him on a boat as the captain . Imperialism is when a country tries to extend its power into another country through military force. This isShow MoreRelatedChina in Africa Essay20116 Words   |  81 Pagesstories’ merely reinforces this fact. The current role of agriculture and rural development in African national economies and its potential for improving material standards of living and life chances is thus of pressing concern. It is time to 3 AfRIC AN AGRICULTURE ask if agriculture spells welfare enhancement or decline for Africa’s rural dwellers. The report African Agriculture and the World Bank: Development or Impoverishment? by Havnevik et al (2007) offers a critical reflection of the WorldRead MoreGlobalization of South Africa8279 Words   |  34 Pagesadvantage, disadvantage, trade and FDI in SA from globalization perspective. South Africa(SA) is the one of the post BRICs country and it has largest economy market in Africa. Following the democratic elections of 1994, SA corporations moved with alacrity into the rest of Africa and beyond. Mining houses led the way, followed by manufacturers and financial institutions. Multinational companies also have branched in SA because it is a beachhead for the Africa and takes 70% of African trade. The Government

Essay on Right to Religion - 589 Words

Introduction Religion is an essential component of human rights, defended by a range of international accords as well as declarations. The right to religion chiefly embraces liberty of ideas on all issues, coupled with the independence to manifest religion besides the accompanying doctrines individually or with other people, not only in public but private as well. Unfortunately, at times people are compelled to leave their habitats, as a result of persecution they meet for taking a stand for what they feel is right . This research paper focuses on the right to religion in the modern society, with a particular focus on the United States of America. The Right to Religion Basically, the right to religion involves the liberty to have as†¦show more content†¦According to the year 2011 report, presented by the United States Commission, that is in charge of international religious freedom, there are some countries all over the world that have raised concerns in terms of religious freedom. Most of the countries highlighted in the report are gross violators of religious freedom. Particularly, in most of these countries, religious minorities undergo persecution by such as prohibiting the use of religious articles like the worn attires . With reference to article 18 of the United Nations convention about civil as well as human rights, it demarcates the restrictions pertaining right to religion along with beliefs critical in protection the society’s well being and order. In this case, the right to religion is considered as a legal aspect with connection to religious permissiveness and detachment of the church and state. Additionally, the United Nations Universal Declaration of 1946, which concerns human rights states that, each person in the society has a right to freedom of ideas together with moral sense and religion . Likewise, this right covers the liberty to change religion alone or with others. 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There were historical backgrounds to guarantee the freedom. Although they are ruled in the Constitution, it is not easy to protect the diversity and individual freedom in the society, and not all conflicts have been settled today. Yet, people are in a process to improve democratic society which is not a finished product, and freedom in all its forms improves itself over time. I am going to explain two major liberti es in the First Amendment of the Bill of Right: the freedom

Poetry Love is one of the most important aspects of life since time began Essay Example For Students

Poetry Love is one of the most important aspects of life since time began Essay It has been portrayed through music, film and books with almost every story ever written having some sort of love story held within. However, one of the most prominent ways love has been portrayed for thousands of years is through poetry. I will be looking at two pre 1900 poems to explore this theme of love. I have chosen; Ballad, be Anon and Shall I compare thee? by William Shakespeare. Ballad is a story written about a woman who was left by her lover when he discovered she was pregnant. It is written by the women in the first person, to her child, this enhances the poems meaning as it helps you to see her pain and hopelessness as well as her love for this man. The form of this poem is in 4 line stanzas, using rhyming couplets, to tell a story in a simple and easy to understand way. The agony this women is feeling is obvious throughout her story as she often refers to death and suicide as is this poem could be her suicide note, for example in line 16: Oh when will green grass cover me? This rhetorical question shows her desperation and how much she seeks the comfort of death. . Her feeling of concern for her child is so strong because at this time is was shameful and looked down upon to be a mother and child without a husband to look after them. This would have been especially for the child as he got older because he would have been an outcast to society, as is shown in line 33: I dread the gloom, of sorrows in this time to come When thou without a friend shalt be Weeping on a strangers knee. These ballads written be Anon at this time were passed from generation to generation be mouth and the original author would never have been identified. Most of these ballads would have been about unfaithful lovers. The theme of love is represented when she tells her child about her affair as in line 2: He stole my liberty, and also when she discusses her broken heart that this man left her with as in line 29: He has two hearts and I have none. It shows how love can transport a person from one feeling to the next so dramatically. The poems meaning is deepened with her ability to hate this man who caused her this pain and regret for her child, for example in line 41: I wish, my child, thodst never been born, This shows the pain that this one man has caused her to grieve with. The poem reminds the reader of how easy it is to fall in love with get carried away without thinking about the consequences. The narrators tone is one of desperation, this helps the reader to appreciate the pain this women is suffering from this mans actions. To sum up I would say that the poet feels sadness about her loss of love, she wants us to understand how desperate and miserable she feels for herself and her child, and the affect that this man had on her life. Shall I compare thee? is a sonnet written by William Shakespeare. It is addressed to someone of extreme importance to him, written in the first person to emphasise how personal this poem is to whomever it was written to. The form of the poem is 4,4,4,2 giving a dramatic finish with the final two lines. The sonnet is about eternal beauty and how the women to whom he is writing to is extremely special in his eyes. His main theme is how she will never lose her beauty and it will live forever through this sonnet. He sees this poem as a way of keeping her beauty alive, as whoever will read it after she dies will bring it back to life again. The sonnet is extremely romantic and shows how love was so important to pre 1900 poets and how it was often their inspiration for their work. .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234 , .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234 .postImageUrl , .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234 , .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234:hover , .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234:visited , .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234:active { border:0!important; } .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234:active , .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234 .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3297a3f5f557dec6315819b2366d4234:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Love Argumentative EssayWilliam Shakespeare uses appropriate language to convey a feeling of love, for example in line2: Thou art more lovely and in line 1: Shall I compare thee to a summers day? In line 5 Shakespeare uses the metaphor: Eye of heaven shines to show how her beauty could never be too hot but the sun could be, ie; she is better than a summers day. The eye of heaven is what he relates to as the sun. The poem reflects Shakespeares feelings of love and beauty, which reminds the reader to see how the poem draws attention for them to see the inner beauty of each person. It helps the reader to get a clear image of the affect that a person can have on another person, relating to the affect of love. The poems tone is one of true love. This helps the reader to appreciate the beauty of this women and Shakespeares feelings toward her. To sum up I would say that Shakespeare feels overwhelmed by this amazing beauty. Shakespeare wants everyone who reads it to feel his love for this women and to understand how inner beauty will live forever no matter the appearance for example in line 8-9: By chance, or natures changing course untrimd: But thy eternal Sommer shall not fade. From reading these poems I have learned how love can make one person extremely happy and another extremely sad. It shows how different affects of the feeling can have on different people and how it can change a persons life so dramatically. Pre 1900 poets felt very strongly about the theme of love and it often shows through their work, as it seems clear that it was one of their main inspirations. From studying these poems it is clear to see that love was very important in this time and how so many things were reliant on it, just like today.

Story of Travis Essay Example

Story of Travis Essay In the first part of the story, we can see that Travis, a fourteen-year old boy, wanted to take big responsibilities like those of his father, Papa. The opportunity came when Papa and the other men left the settlement to go and sell cattle in a market in Abilene, Kansas. They had to do this because they were very low on money after the Civil War. Travis was left with many big responsibilities that Papa did. Travis was going to try as hard as possible to do well with his new big responsibilities to prove his parents that he was a man now or was beginning to be. During the first part of the story, Travis realized that his responsibilities required a lot more effort than what he thought. Travis wouldn’t have been able to do all his responsibilities without the big help of Old Yeller. Old Yeller was a big aid to Travis and his family. At first, Travis disagreed in adopting Old Yeller but soon that will all change. During the challenges that Travis faced, we could see that he acted maturely. For example, when Little Arliss was going to be attacked by a mad mother bear, Travis acted quickly and ran to try to save Little Arliss instead of ignoring his screams. Also, Travis didn’t give up on the chore, no matter how hard the responsibility was. Plus, he had the help of Old Yeller which he started to love. In the other hand, there were other moments that he didn’t act mature instead he acted childlike. How could he not act childlike? He was still a boy and had a dog which he could have some fun sometimes. We will write a custom essay sample on Story of Travis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Story of Travis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Story of Travis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Old Yeller helped Travis act mature and childlike. Old Yeller helped Travis in doing task like marking the pigs, keeping away wild creatures from eating the winter corn, and hunt or fish animals for food. Also, he helped Travis protect his family. At the end of the story, Travis had to shoot Old Yeller because it was bitten by a wolf with hydrophobia,a very contagious and dangerous disease. It was a very hard decision for Travis to whether to shoot Old Yeller or not. It would have been a very hard decision ,as well, to anyone who loved its own dog. It showed that Travis was mature enough to take big decisions that involved his family safety and well being. A change that can be noticed in Travis. When Papa came back from his long journey,he sees that Travis had learned a lot and matured from the experiences he had been through. He gives Travis an advice of not worrying about bad moments during good moments because it will make it all bad. Another change of him was to love Old Yeller instead of hating him like in the beginning.

Identifying Organic Compounds Lab Report Essay Example

Identifying Organic Compounds Lab Report Essay Example Identifying Organic Compounds Lab Report Paper Identifying Organic Compounds Lab Report Paper Materials: 9 test tubes Test tube rack Test tube holder Grease pencil Hot plate 20 ml honey solution 20 ml egg white and water mixture 20 ml corn oil Oats and water 20 ml gelatin and water solution 20 ml potato and water mixture 20 ml apple juice and water mixture 20 ml unknown substance #1 0 ml unknown substance #2 Paper towels 600 ml beaker Brown paper Beirut reagent Benedicts solution Iodine solution Procedure: 1. Place test tubes in the test tube rack. Use the grease pencil to label each test tube based on the substance that will be placed in them. . To test for starches, fill each test tube with ml of the substance indicated by the label. 3. Add 5 drops of iodine solution to each test tube. The contents will change too blue-black color in the presence of starch. 4. Record your observations. 5. Wash test tubes thoroughly. 6. To test for sugar, fill each test tube with ml of the substance indicated by the label. Add 10 drops of Benedicts solution to each test tube. 7. Fill the bea ker half-way with water. Heat the water with the hot plate to a gentle boil. 8. Place tubes into beaker with the test tube holder and wait 5 minutes, then remove the test tubes with the test tube holder and place them back into the test tube rack. 9. Check for a change in color from blue to green, yellow, orange, or red in the presence of sugars. 10. Record your observations then wait for the test tubes to cool and wash them thoroughly. 10. To test for proteins, fill each test tube with ml of the substance indicated by the label. Add 5 drops of Beirut reagent o each test tube. 11. Gently shake the contents of each tube. Beirut reagent changes from blue to violet in the presence of proteins. 12. Record your observations then wash test tubes thoroughly. 13. To test for lipids, divide the piece of brown paper into 9 equal sections. 14. Write the name of one test substance in each section. 15. Rub a small amount of each substance onto its corresponding section. 16. Wait five minutes till dry. 17. Hold paper up to light. A translucent spot indicates the presence of lipids. Data: Substance Lipid Test Carbohydrate Test Protein Test Honey Starch Sugar + (orange Benedict)- Egg White Starch Sugar + (violet Beirut) Corn Oil + Starch Sugar Oats- Starch + Sugar (black Iodine) Gelatin Starch Sugar + (violet Beirut) Potato Starch + Sugar (black Iodine) Apple Juice- Starch Sugar + (orange Benedict)- Unknown 1 Starch Sugar + (orange Benedict)- Unknown 2 Starch Sugar + (violet Beirut) Analysis: In this experiment, every substance tested positive for at least 1 organic compound. Corn oil tested positive for lipids. Honey and oats tested positive for starch. Honey, apple juice, and unknown 1 tested positive for sugar. Egg white, gelatin, and unknown 2 all tested positive for proteins. So, not a single substance didnt test positive for at least 1 organic compound. All the indicators used in this experiment change color when in the presence of a compound; therefore, they chemically react with the compound. No errors were made during this experiment because all directions were followed carefully and the indicators were used and read properly. Conclusion: My hypothesis was that honey will contain sugars, egg white contains proteins, corn oil contains lipids, oats contains starches and proteins, gelatin contains sugars and proteins, potatoes contain starch, and apple juice notations lipids and sugars. My hypothesis was mostly correct. Oats do not contain protein, gelatin does not contain sugars, and apple juice does not contain lipids. Since apple juice is sweet, I guessed that it would contain fats as well as sugars; however, it does not contain lipids. I thought that gelatin would contain sugar because it too is sweet, but it only contains proteins. Oats do not contain protein as I had hypothesized, and I guessed that it did because I had a gut feeling. I couldnt support that hypothesis because I had little experience with oats. That is why my hypothesis is mostly correct.

Amway Japan

Amway Japan Limited Executive Summary In 1996 Amway Japan Limited (AJL) was the leader in direct selling market, and the most successful company within the entire Amway group. In the first half of  1997, AJL experienced a net sales decline of 11. 6% and net income to 27. 6% from the first half of the previous year. The Japanese economy and declining value of  the Yen relative to the U. S. Dollar has decreased AJL’s sales volume and profit margin. The Japanese government recently passed laws that confused AJL’s distributors and discouraged potential consumers from buying certain product lines. Furthermore, AJL suffers from a negative public image with over 70% of their customer base having either a neutral or negative opinion of the company. In order to rebuild growth in the second half of 1997 and achieve AJL’s long-term sales goal of ? 300 billion by FY2000, the following strategies must be implemented. AJL must strengthen the overall Amway brand image in Japan by promoting high quality products with a competitively fair price. In addition, AJL needs to target their public-relations campaigns to specific groups by promoting individual products and product lines to build upon their brand equity. AJL will undertake a focused extensive distributor training program which emphasizes distributor ethics, techniques on building correspondent down-line relations, and a greater understanding of Japan’s door-to-door sales laws and regulations. AJL will improve  the internal marketing strategy by extending target-marketing initiatives toward specific demographic distributor groups to add upon their success with the Artistry cosmetic brands. AJL will successfully capture their momentum to reach their target revenue goals by implementing the solutions offered above.

Answer the 5 questions of investment portfolio management Essay

Answer the 5 questions of investment portfolio management - Essay Example Present value of Dividends employs the cost of equity as the discount figure. Operating free cash flow is the cash residue after eliminating direct costs, working capital and capital expenditure needed for future growth, but before any payments to suppliers of capital. The firm’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the discount rate employed in determining operating free cash flow. Free cash flow to equity refers to operating free cash flow less payment to debt holders (Strong, 2008). The firm’s cost of equity is used as the discount rate. Present value of Cash flow allows a degree of flexibility for changes in sales and expenses, which implies varying rates of growth over time. However, present value of cashflow valuation approach has a weakness in that it is heavily dependent on growth rates of cash flows and the discount rate estimates. Relative valuation approach to security valuation offers information on how the market is presently valuing the stock. Compon ents measured using the relative valuation technique include the price earning ratio, price to sales ratio, price to book value and the price to cash flow. Unlike the present value of security valuation, relative valuation approach does not offer insights as to whether current valuations are appropriate. Thus, valuations could be too low or high at a certain point in time. As such, Relative valuation is suitable when there are comparable firms in terms of the risk, industry and size in the market. It is also appropriate when the aggregate market and the entity’s industry are not under valuation extreme. That is to mean that the collective market and the firm’s industry should not be acutely overvalued or undervalued (Strong, 2008). Both cash flow approach and relative valuation approach have several factors in common. One is that they are both affected by the investor’s required return on the stock since this return rate becomes a significant element of the disc ount rate. Secondly, the two valuation approaches are affected by the growth rate estimation employed in the valuation technique such as dividends, sales or earnings. Therefore, the two approaches may be considered as complementary. 2. The concepts of systematic and unsystematic risk, variance, covariance, standard deviation and beta as each of these relate to investment management. Unsystematic risks refer to the kind of uncertainty that is associated with the industry in which a company operates. Unsystematic risks are also referred to as specific risks or diversifiable risks for they are specific in each industry, and they are reduced through diversification. Unsystematic risks arise as a result of factors particular to an industry or the firm such product category, marketing, research and development and pricing. Systematic risks refer to the kind of uncertainty that is inherent in the whole market segment. They are also referred to as market risks or non-diversifiable risks bec ause they are inherent in the entire market and diversification do not result in their reduction. Systematic risks are such as war, inflation, change in taxation, global security perils and political instability that affect the functioning of firms in all industries. Total risk is a combination of systematic and unsystematic risks. Variance is the measure of volatility from the mean. Variance helps an investor to establish the risk involved in purchasing a certain security. A higher variance indicates greater variability and thus greater risk. A greater variance also

Is Genetic Engineering the Answer to Ending Global Hunger Term Paper

Is Genetic Engineering the Answer to Ending Global Hunger - Term Paper Example The United Nations approximated that global human population will increase by â€Å"more than 40 percent, from 6.3 billion people today to 8.9 billion in 2050† (Rauch, 2003, p.104). While populations are expanding, the land devoted to planting food is not sufficient to respond to this increase. The pressure to improve agricultural production with limited land supplies results to discussion on different ways of responding to global hunger. Scientists and supporters of genetic engineering asserted that it can be a sustainable solution to global hunger. This paper explores the debate surrounding this issue. It argues that yes, genetic engineering can end global hunger, but if it can do so in a sustainable manner requires further independent studies, so governments all over the world should actively monitor genetic engineering’s operations and effects on human, animal, and plant life. For and Against Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering can end global hunger, because it can produce plants that resist diseases and unruly weather conditions. In the article, â€Å"Will Frankenfood Save the Planet?† Rauch (2003) argued that only genetically modified plants can ensure the benefits of no-till farming, which is a sustainable way of farming. He explained that no-till farming reduces runoff, which pollutes rivers and lakes, since worms and other organisms stay on the top soil and turn agricultural land into a huge â€Å"sponge† for heavy rains (p.104). Genetic engineering essentially makes organic farming possible without the need for manure, which pollutes water systems. Rauch (2003) added that during the 1990s, the agricultural company Monsanto designed a transgenic soybean specimen that it called â€Å"Roundup Ready† (Rauch, 2003, p.105). It tolerates the herbicide Roundup, which kills numerous kinds of weeds and disintegrates the latter into nontoxic ingredients (Rauch, 2003, p.105). Many farmers use Roundup Ready crops, instead of using a cocktail of expensive chemicals (Rauch, 2003, p.105). At present, more than 30% of American soybeans are harvested without plowing fields (Rauch, 2003, p.105). This can have large positive effects on farm areas with poor soil conditions, particularly those in the developing countries. Farmers can convert unused areas that are used to be not good for planting into productive agricultural plots. In â€Å"Food: How Altered?† Ackerman (2002) explored the benefits and drawbacks of genetic engineering. One of the benefits of genetic engineering is designing plants that can withstand rough weather and soil conditions. Hence, it can improve agricultural yield and expand agricultural opportunities. Genetically modified foods can fight other plant and human diseases. Farmers use herbicides to destroy weeds. Biotech crops can offer â€Å"tolerance† genes that help them endure the spraying of chemicals that eradicate almost all kinds of plants (Ackerman, 2002, p.32). Some types of biotech plants produce insecticide, because of gene taken from a soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt for short (Ackerman, 2002, p.32). Bt genes produce toxins that are seen as nontoxic to humans, but deadly to several insects, such as the European corn borer, an insect that eats cornstalks and ears (Ackerman, 2002, p.32). Bt is so effective that organic farmers have treated it as a natural insecticide for many

The Methods of Iago in Shakespeares Othello :: Othello essays

The Methods of Iago in Othello Through out the play of Othello Iago used many techniques to get what he wanted and one way or another he some how all most always got what he wanted. His techniques were that of an everyday sneaky, conniving bad guy, who always got people to trust him, except the person that was closest to him. But the main overall techniques he used were; 1)He gained the trust of people. Which was the number one technique, and from gaining their trust he could branch off form that and then he could manipulate the people he was playing into thinking that he was on their side even when he might be on the opposite side. Another thing that he could do to people was to, from gaining their trust and making then think that he was on their side he could manipulate them and make them turn on each other. The other technique that he used which didn't nearly play a role as large as the first technique but was important was he was always very careful, in being discovered and by covering his tracks. He knew how to take care of things in precarious situation. There was in my own personal opinion one more technique, and that was that he knew how to use all his options and could use his wits and cunningness. Iago's number one technique was his ability to make people trust him. He had just about everyone spun in Iago's web. Rodrigo, Othello, Cassio, Desdemona, Emilia, and etc. And he got every one of them to trust him, although he still hadn't got Emilia into his web fully. She still had suspicions about him. He could gain the trust of people as if it was nothing to him. He always when talking to that certain person said that he was on their side, making a false trust that the person believed, and therefore trusted him. Now most of the people he did this to it worked on. Such as Cassio calling him "Honest Iago" and when Cassio got in that fight with Rodrigo, he believed that Iago was the only good, honest man on his side, even though he was the one who set him up. The Methods of Iago in Shakespeare's Othello :: Othello essays The Methods of Iago in Othello Through out the play of Othello Iago used many techniques to get what he wanted and one way or another he some how all most always got what he wanted. His techniques were that of an everyday sneaky, conniving bad guy, who always got people to trust him, except the person that was closest to him. But the main overall techniques he used were; 1)He gained the trust of people. Which was the number one technique, and from gaining their trust he could branch off form that and then he could manipulate the people he was playing into thinking that he was on their side even when he might be on the opposite side. Another thing that he could do to people was to, from gaining their trust and making then think that he was on their side he could manipulate them and make them turn on each other. The other technique that he used which didn't nearly play a role as large as the first technique but was important was he was always very careful, in being discovered and by covering his tracks. He knew how to take care of things in precarious situation. There was in my own personal opinion one more technique, and that was that he knew how to use all his options and could use his wits and cunningness. Iago's number one technique was his ability to make people trust him. He had just about everyone spun in Iago's web. Rodrigo, Othello, Cassio, Desdemona, Emilia, and etc. And he got every one of them to trust him, although he still hadn't got Emilia into his web fully. She still had suspicions about him. He could gain the trust of people as if it was nothing to him. He always when talking to that certain person said that he was on their side, making a false trust that the person believed, and therefore trusted him. Now most of the people he did this to it worked on. Such as Cassio calling him "Honest Iago" and when Cassio got in that fight with Rodrigo, he believed that Iago was the only good, honest man on his side, even though he was the one who set him up.

The Purpose Of Barium Swallow Health And Social Care Essay

The most common positive or radiopaque, contrast medium used to visualise the GI system in Ba sulfate which normally merely referred as Ba merely. There is contraindication to barium sulfate. These mixtures are contraindicated and might hold possible opportunity to get away into the peritoneal pit. If big sum of Ba sulphate flight into the peritoneal pit, this can take to enteric infarcts or peritoneal inflammation. This flight may happen through a pierced syrupy or during surgery that follow the radiographic process. Pathologic indicant for Ba sups This process is done to bespeak when the patient have anemia, mechanical hurting on swallowing, reflux, Preoperative anatomical presentation, appraisal of trachea-esophageal fistulous withers and besides the appraisal of the side of perforation and besides indigestion. The diseased indicant for the Ba swallow scrutiny is achalasia, anatomic anomalousnesss, barrette ‘s gorge, carcinoma gorge, dyspigia and esophageal varices. Achalasia is a motor upset of the gorge in which vermiculation is reduced along the gorge. Next is anatomic anomalousnesss which caused by disease, such as malignant neoplastic disease of the gorge or possibly. Patients who suffer a shot frequently develop impaired get downing mechanism. Certain nutrients and contrast agents are administrated during the scrutiny for rating of the swelling forms. Dysphagia is trouble in get downing this may due to a congenital or acquired status, a at bay bolus of nutrient or redness. Narrowing and enlarged, flaccid visual aspect of the gorge may be seen during the Ba sup, depending on the cause of the dysphagia. The other indicant for Ba sup is, to bespeak carcinoma of the gorge includes one of the most common malignant of the gorge is ardeno carcinoma. The one of the symptoms of this pathology include dysphagia ( trouble in get downing ) . Last, foreign organic structure are besides can be detect by utilizing this process to the patient that ingest assortment of nutrient including a bolus of nutrient, metallic object and other stuff that will lodge the gorge. Contraindications Nonspecific, nevertheless low solar H2O soluble contrast agents are best used in probes where aspiration may happen. Preparation Patient readying.Before Patient readyingNo readying for Ba swallow scrutiny needed because gorge is empty most of the clip unless an upper GI series is to follow. If the patient is have oning anything metallic from the most to the waist must be removed. Ask the patient to alter to hospital gown. Before the fluoroscopic process is perform, a patients history should be taken and the scrutiny carefully explained to the patient.After readyingWhen the process is done, the patient can go on their regular diet as usual. Take orally administered medicines unless the physician asks non to make so. In 48 to 72 hours after the process, patient stool possibly in grey or white coloring material. Patient may see irregularity and normally been treated by eating laxative. Ask the patient to imbibe a batch of H2O for several yearss to avoid irregularity excessively. If the patient experienced any unable intestine motion or undergo important alterations after the process, inquire them to reach their d octor. Equipment readying Before making this process, the radiographer should fix some equipment such as fluoroscopy table with 90/20 jousts, rapid consecutive skiagraphy ( to border per second ) or video entering possibly required for appraisal if the laryngopharynx and upper gorge during swallow. Some extra equipment besides should necessitate such as disposable cup, little cup for sparkling agent, tissue and besides a straw possibly required for consumption of Ba when the tabular array is horizontal and besides injection disposal equipment. Contrast agent readying In this process, 250 % w/v Ba sulfate suspensions of 100 milliliters are required. Gastrografin ( should non be used for the probe of a trachea-esophageal fistulous withers or when aspiration is possible ) . An sparkling agent will be required for illustration a combination of Na hydrogen carbonate and citric acid, to bring forth C dioxide to dilate the tummy. This will besides move as dual contrast agent against the Ba to heighten the visual image of the mucous membrane. Last, LOCM for about around 350mg I/ml is besides required in this process. Procedure The patient will be place behind the roentgenoscope equipment for the x beam exposure. The process begins with the patient in the vertical or vertical place and the cup of thin Ba is placed in the patients left manus closed to the left shoulder. Then, the patient is asked to get down the liquid in the cup utilizing a straw. The patient is so inquiring to take the effervescent granules ( either dry or assorted with a little sum of H2O if dry granule is excessively hard ) or other effervescent assistance, followed by citric acid. It is of import to affect on the patient that this will bring forth gas in the tummy and may give them the make fulling that they need to burp. To avoid this, the best manner is to state them to maintain swallowing. The enteric piece of land of the next gorge, tummy and duodenum are seeable when the Ba fills and coated it. The radiotherapist observes the flow of the Ba with the roentgenoscope. Swallowing of the thin Ba is observed with the patients in assorted places. The patient will inquire to revolve true 360o at their ain topographic point. This will guarantee all the surfacing facet of the stomachic mucous membrane is ready for the appraisal of the tummy. The patient is inquiring to turn to their left ( LPO ) where a topographic point image is taken. Then, patient will turn their organic structure back to the supine ( AP ) place and bend to their right ( RPO ) . Last, the patient is return to the vertical place, turn somewhat to their left and erect ( LPO ) . Film is taken to demo the distal gorge and the fundus of the tummy. The similar place will be used when the patient get down the thick Ba. The used of the thick Ba allows better visual image of mucosal forms and any lesions within the gorge. The type of Ba used is determined by the radiotherapist. After the vertical survey has been complete, horizontal and trendeleburg places with midst and thin Ba may follow. The x beam radiation is directing by the ten beam machine ( fluoroscopy ) through the patient ‘s tissue organic structure and to a movie on the opposite side of the patient ‘s organic structure. Different organic structure tissue will absorbed different sum of radiation that penetrates the organic structure tissue. The abnormalcies, different organ, and some conditions all become seeable on the x beam movie due to difference in the composing since the incursion of the x beam beam is block by them. Radiation Protection Radiation protection is used to except clinically unhelpful scrutinies. They are many ways to cut down unserviceable radiation like minimise the fluoroscopy clip and current so that merely the exact radiation is given to the patient. Use collimation during the process to minimise the field size. Give screening to the sensitive organ of the patient when possible. Introduce QA coder to optimise staff and equipment public presentation and to do regular cheques on. Use video recording equipment alternatively of utilizing cine camera during fluoroscopy. Install modern image intensives with digital image processing possible and sensitive ( e.g. CsI ) photocathodes. Use modern image intensive and topographic point movie photofluoroscopy with 100mm camera alternatively of skiagraphy whenever appropriate. Benefit Upper GI piece of land scrutiny is really safe and noninvasive process. This scrutiny besides leads to an accurate analysis of the gorge, tummy and duodenum. This is because, Ba is non absorbed by the blood the organic structure and allergic reaction due this scrutiny is really rare. No radiation will stay in patient ‘s organic structure after the process is done n X beam has really less side consequence in the diagnostic scope. Hazards Some patient may see allergic to the flavorer that is added in the Ba. The patient must state the physician if they are allergic to chocolate, citrus fruit or certain berries before the process. There is merely little opportunity that some Ba will stay in the organic structure, taking to a obstruction of the digestive system. So, patient who have an obstructor in the GI piece of land they are non allow undergoing this scrutiny. The effectual radiation dosage for this process is 6mSv which is the same as the mean individual receives from the background radiation in two old ages. Precaution Barium is non be used if perforation is suspected. Pregnant adult females are advised to avoid this process because the radiation exposure may impact the foetus. Role of radiographer Before Arrange the assignment and state the patient about the clip, the day of the month and the topographic point where the scrutiny will be held. As the radiographer, gave the radiation protection to the patient is really of import. Give the patient a shielding to protect them from the radiation that can harm them. The room must be set up decently before the scrutiny took topographic point. Make certain the room is clean and ready to be used. All the equipment ‘s like cassette 24Ãâ€"30 centimeter, little cup and straw and contrast media ( Ba sulfate/gastrografi ) must be prepared before the scrutiny started. Make certain that fluoroscopy unit is in good status. State the patient what they should make and do certain they are all prepared. When the radiographer fix the list for the scrutiny, do certain that the diabetic patient is on the first list. This is because, they have to take their medicine on clip and if the diabetic patient are being ignored, this will do injury to them. During Patient placement Focus oning Collimation Radiologists penchant Adequate supply of cassettes Identity of exposed and unexposed cassettes Exposure factor choice Table position- patient comfort and safety Hand clasps, pes remainder, pillow, reassuarance Drip if any Drumhead

Asters Star-Shaped Microtubule Arrays

Asters are radial microtubule arrays found in animal cells. These star-shaped structures form around each pair of centrioles during mitosis. Asters help to manipulate chromosomes during cell division to ensure that each daughter cell has the appropriate complement of chromosomes. They consist of astral microtubules that are generated from cylindrical microtubules called centrioles. Centrioles are found within the  centrosome, an organelle located near the cell nucleus that forms the spindle poles. Asters and Cell Division Asters are vital to the processes of mitosis and meiosis. They are a component of the spindle apparatus, which also includes  spindle fibers, motor proteins, and chromosomes. Asters help to organize and position the spindle apparatus during cell division. They also determine the site of the cleavage furrow that splits the dividing cell in half during cytokinesis. During the cell cycle, asters form around the centriole pairs located at each cell pole. Microtubules called polar fibers  are generated from each centrosome, which lengthen and elongate the cell. Other spindle fibers attach to and move chromosomes during cell division. Asters in Mitosis Asters initially appear in prophase. They form around each centriole pair. Asters organize spindle fibers that extend from the cell poles (polar fibers) and fibers that attach to chromosomes at their kinetochores.Spindle fibers move chromosomes to the center of the cell during metaphase. Chromosomes are kept in place at the metaphase plate by the equal forces of the spindle fibers pushing on the centromeres of the chromosomes. Polar fibers extending from the poles interlock like the fingers of folded hands.Duplicated chromosomes (sister chromatids)  separate and are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell during anaphase. This separation is accomplished as spindle fibers shorten, pulling attached chromatids along with them.In telophase, spindle fibers break down and separated chromosomes are enveloped within their own nuclear envelope.The final step of cell division is  cytokinesis.  Cytokinesis involves the division of the cytoplasm, which separates the dividing cell into two new daughter cells. In animal cells, a contractile ring of microfilaments forms a cleavage furrow that pinches the cell in two. The position of the cleavage furrow is determined by the asters. How Asters Induce Cleavage Furrow Formation Asters induce cleavage furrow formation due to interactions with the cell cortex. The cell cortex is found directly beneath the plasma membrane and consists of actin filaments and associated proteins. During the course of cell division, asters growing from centrioles extend their microtublules toward one another. Microtubules from nearby asters interconnect, which helps to limit expansion and cell size. Some aster microtubules continue to extend until contact is made with the cortex. It is this contact with the cortex that induces the formation of a cleavage furrow. Asters help to position cleavage furrows so that cytoplasmic division results in two evenly divided cells. The cell cortex is responsible for producing the contractile ring that constricts the cell and pinches it into two cells. Cleavage furrow formation and cytokinesis are essential for proper development of cells, tissues, and for proper development of an organism as a whole. Improper cleavage furrow formation in cytoki nesis can produce cells with abnormal chromosome numbers, which can lead to the development of cancer cells or birth defects. Sources: Lodish, Harvey. â€Å"Microtubule Dynamics and Motor Proteins during Mitosis.† Molecular Cell Biology. 4th edition., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan. 1970, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21537/.Mitchison, T.J. et al. â€Å"Growth, Interaction and Positioning of Microtubule Asters in Extremely Large Vertebrate Embryo Cells.† Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) 69.10 (2012): 738–750. PMC. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3690567/.